Harmonograph

Definition

A harmonograph is a mechanical apparatus that uses swinging pendulums to guide a pen across a surface, plotting complex geometric curves that physically visualize mathematical harmonic ratios and acoustic intervals.

Key Characteristics

  • Superposition of multiple oscillatory frequencies
  • Exponential friction damping reducing amplitude over time
  • Phase shifts generating 2D and 3D spatial Lissajous patterns

Applications

  • Parametric mathematical drawing in p5.js (sin, cos equations)
  • Physical computing drawing bots and CNC pen plotters
  • Audio-reactive visualizers mapping sound frequencies to pendulum parameters

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